The Wellness Industry Mainly In Asia Pacific Tourism Essay Essay Example

The Wellness Industry Mainly In Asia Pacific Tourism Essay Paper There has been an extensive ascent in the inclination of the Wellness Industry mainly in Asia-Pacific. As Destination Spas are creating in the business, it appears it is still rather dark with regards to what the great beyond holds for this exceptional area. The lifting cognizance of individuals towards individual health and developing is making an interest for an assistance work that is by and by sprouting to give to the requests of this come oning market propensity. This study will investigate potential outcomes for finishs watering places, Mandala Spa, in the assigned land nation. The globalization of wellbeing stocks, for example, Spas are expanding and developing, though the principles and conventions of the eastern human advancement are puncturing the western setting and tight clamp versa. These watering places are turning by coordinating physical, enthusiastic and strict exercises combined with the father mental science that blends progressively obscure examples to raise the level of emotional wellness. ( Smith and Puczko, 2008 ) Wellbeing is characterized as The multidimensional territory of being acceptable , where internal and external universes are in amicability: an increased area of awareness empowering you to be to the full present in the moment and respond truly to any situation from the profound inward great of your being . Health is an ever-advancing excursion to an elevated awakening of the cognizance and progressing in the direction of a fitter territory in regards to the physical, mental and enthusiastic feeling of prosperity, thusly helping a man to farther experience life to its fullest with the best length of administration. ( Bodecker and Cohen, 2008 ) We will compose a custom exposition test on The Wellness Industry Mainly In Asia Pacific Tourism Essay explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom article test on The Wellness Industry Mainly In Asia Pacific Tourism Essay explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom article test on The Wellness Industry Mainly In Asia Pacific Tourism Essay explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer Figure 1: The Expanded Wellness Model Starting: Mueller and Kaufmann 2001 p.6 Review of the Wellness Industry An impressive aggregate of visitants making a trip to present day twenty-four hours wellbeing and wellbeing focuses are to a great extent non mindful of the verifiable and social foundations of the mediations they experience. It would be non so fantastical to express that these visitants have non understood that the Ayurvedic designs from India day of the month back each piece far as 5000 BC, or that the current make-up exchange names that grown-up females are using these yearss hold comparable enlivening qualities to those utilized my the Egyptian grown-up females in 3000 BC. The most punctual recorded accreditation of Chinese medicative strategies day of the month back to 1000 BC, in any case in Western social orders Chinese clinical techniques are viewed as outsider and marginally new as far as they can tell. Blending to a study made by the Spa Research Fellowship, the soonest notice to so name beguiling mending Waterss is 1700 BC and as the definitive specialist and logician of t he Hellenistic age, Hippocrates, once said that aë†â ¦water is still, all things considered, the best. ( Health A ; Wellness Tourism ) There is an expanding cognizance of the retouching belongingss of H2O, regardless of whether it be thermic, ocean or mineral H2O. Civic establishments, for example, the Greeks and Romans comprehended the various wellbeing related aspects of H2O intercessions and subsequently were somewhat centered around fittingness and tidiness through such examples. On the different manus, other antiquated civilisations from The Middle East and Asia and other autochthonal individuals around the universe were at that point discerning of the health advantages of different examples like home grown clinical fortes, yoga, back rub, theory and other related strict examples, for a considerable length of time before the development of wellbeing related examples in Europe. In spite of the fact that by Western measures, the personal satisfaction in numerous pieces of the universe are obviously low or of hapless quality in contrasting with Western social orders, India and Africa can be refered to as two bette r representations. These individuals populating in such hapless rules have built up their ain methods of keeping their prosperity, albeit such states of need favor the triumph of unwellness over wellbeing. These examples of proceeding with wellbeing and prosperity are go oning to go increasingly more famous among twenty-four hours watering place administrators and later the visitants of these yearss watering places are turning associations intense bounty to want them to see the beginnings or spots of these examples, for example, Yoga and Thai back rub. ( Health A ; Wellness Tourism ) The term Spa, is a modified abbreviation for Solus Per Aqua , it very well may be interpreted as wellbeing through H2O. ( Leavy and Bergel, 2002 ) Orchestrating to Associate Professor Rujirutana Madhachitara, PhD of Penn State University in her paper, Opening Up a Services Market The Thai Spa Industry, From what we realize in the schoolroom and source in existent concern life, advertise ordinarily do non turn each piece dangerously as health watering place have done in Thailand. Lodgings and resorts alongside enterprisers have perceived the intensity of watering place improvement in Asia, it is even doubtful to a degree that ongoing propensity of watering place has affected the substance of the Hospitality in the part. Shrewd Spas thought of the Spa Benchmark plan over the significant Asia Pacific markets and summed up the discoveries in the plain exhibit underneath ( Garrow, 2007 ) Table 1: Asia Pacific Spa Industry review Malaysia Since the twelvemonth 2002, Malaysia s watering place developing has expanded by 200 % and keeps on reporting expanded developing. Indonesia Is spot to the bigger watering place in regards to indoor vast and the greater part of them are goal watering place, inside the part it is other than second most minimal effort following to the Philippines. Philippines Is the littlest in footings of market size however in any case it other than has on standard, the most army entirety of mediation suites, surveies show that there is other than solid power for developing in this area over the coming mature ages. Singapore similarly, the state has an adult market however is still anticipated to turn at 11 % yearly over the moving toward mature ages. There is an impressive whole of twenty-four hours watering spot of which half are supposed to be salon type arranged watering place. Taiwan Over 81 % of Taiwan s 300 watering place establishments were twenty-four hours watering place, a major gathering of their watering place use bunch exchange name names, while watering place establishments are extremely normal. Development rate is supposed to be delayed in the coming mature ages. Table 2: Asia-Pacific Global Spa overview The Asia-Pacific watering place industry is the speediest turning part on a planetary balance, all things considered it is yet relatively juvenile. A bigger extent of watering place are preset in developing markets while resort/lodgings watering places are by and by taking turn of events. Regularly, finishs spas are viewed as watering place resorts. Turning yet creating wellbeing resorts as it were. In contrasting with Europe, watering place grosss in the Asia-Pacific are 35 % lower and 19 % lower on a planetary standard, in any case lodging watering place are simply 3.75 % to 5.8 % lower severally. While in footings of staffing, lodging watering place are at a standard of 27 representatives for each constitution and 17 for each watering place. Insightful Spa s Global Benchmark Report, May 2009, states that the mediation room occupancy in the Asia-Pacific is 37 % higher in contrasting with different parts, 45 % of whole gross chronicles for paysheet, and with a mean intercession pace of US $ 77 it is the least monetarily among all parts. ( Samantha Foster ) The term Destination Spa holds an impossible to miss basis of extravagance for spa-goers, as they were topographic focuses where the rich and celebrated would make a trip to decrease down. These yearss complete the process of watering place offer more than simply a luxurious way to get thin quick, they offer a collection of stocks that oblige the general soundness of their customers. Such administrations offered are fitter eating routine alternatives, way of life talks, yoga classes and increasingly customary strategies for vitality attunement to happen your ain feeling of inward and external parity. ( Leavy and Bergel 2002 ) Mandala Spa brands itself as a complete the process of watering place coordinating all the bow referenced administrations and that's only the tip of the iceberg, in 2005 they won the regarded Asia Spa Award for best get done with watering spot of the twelvemonth and spa intercession of the twelvemonth . Since so they have kept on winning honors in 2006, 2007, an d 2009. Since its startup in 2001, Mandala Spa has contacted the lives of numerous individuals and has developed from a four-manor Day Spa to an undeniable Wellness Resort and Destination Spa. ( hypertext move convention:/www.mandalaspa.com ) Purposes The author will carry on an inside and out examination on what the great beyond holds for Destination Spas in Asia Pacific, focusing on an improvement dress shop Destination Spa exchange name, Mandala Spa as a chief notice. Points To reconsider writing about the Wellness Industry with emphasize on Destination Spas. To investigate the inclinations and factors act uponing the advancement of the Wellness Industry with point of convergence on the Destination Spa division. To comprehend the plans that Mandala Spa is using for its prosperity and how they will use these for future turn of events or expansion ; what's more, To ask any discoveries to Mandala Spa and the Asia Pacific Spa and Wellness Coalition for the general advantage of the business and for future examination ; Section 2: LITERATURE REVIEW The Concept of Wellness Tourism Blending to ( Verschuren, 2004 ) W

Smu I Year Hrm Exam Notes Essay Example

Smu I Year Hrm Exam Notes Essay Example Smu I Year Hrm Exam Notes Essay Smu I Year Hrm Exam Notes Essay Clarify the targets and procedure of HRP? Human asset arranging or labor arranging is basically the foreordain procedure of getting the correct number of qualified individuals into the correct activity at the opportune time. In Other Words Human asset arranging is a procedure by which an association should move from its present labor position to its ideal labor position.Through arranging, the board strikes to have the correct number and right sorts of individuals, at the correct spots, at the opportune time, doing things which bring about both the association and the individual getting greatest since quite a while ago run advantage. Procedure of HRP: 1. Evaluating Human Resources The appraisal of HR starts with natural examination, under which the outer (PEST) and inside (targets, assets and structure) are dissected to survey the right now accessible HR stock level. 2. Request Forecasting HR guaging is the way toward evaluating interest for and gracefully of HR in an organization.Demand estimating is a procedure of deciding future requirements for HR as far as amount and quality. 3. Flexibly Forecasting Supply is another side of human asset evaluation. It is worried about the estimation of flexibly of labor given the examination of current asset and future accessibility of human asset in the association. 4. Coordinating Demand and Supply It is another progression of human asset arranging. It is worried about bringing the figure of future interest and flexibly of HR. The coordinating procedure alludes to get request and gracefully a balance position with the goal that deficiencies and over staffing position will be unraveled. . Activity Plan It is the last period of human asset arranging which is worried about overflow and deficiencies of human asset. Under it, the HR plan is executed through the assignment of various HR exercises. The significant exercises which are required to execute the HR plan are enlistment, choice, position, preparing and improvement, socialization and so forth. Targets of HRP: 1. To enlist and keep up the HR of essential amount and quality. 2. To foresee the worker turnover and make the game plans for limiting turnover and recording up of resulting opening. 3.To meet the necessities of the projects of extension, broadening and so forth 4. To foresee the effect of innovation on work, existing representatives and future human asset prerequisites. 5. To advance the information, expertise, principles, capacity and order and so forth. 6. To evaluate the overflow or lack of HR and take activities as needs be. 7. To keep up charming modern relations by keeping up ideal level and structure of human asset. 8. To limit uneven characters caused due to non-accessibility of HR of right kind, right number in ideal time and correct spot. . To utilize its HR; and 10. To assess the expense of HR. Q2. What are the elements influencing enrollment? What are the wellsprings of enlistment? Meaning of Recruitment: The way toward finding and employing the best-qualified applicant (from inside or outside of an association) for an employment opportunity, in a convenient and practical way. The enrollment procedure incorporates breaking down the prerequisites of a vocation, drawing in representatives to that activity, screening and choosing candidates, recruiting, and coordinating the new worker to the organization.The enlistment capacity of the associations is influenced and administered by a blend of different inner and outer powers. The inner powers or factors are the variables that can be constrained by the association. Furthermore, the outside elements are those variables which can't be constrained by the association. The inside and outside powers influencing enlistment capacity of an association are: Internal Factors 1. Size of the association Recruitment process is influenced by the size of the association to a huge degree. Experience proposes that bigger associations enrolls a greater number of competitors than little ones. . Enrolling Policy The enlistment approach of the firm likewise influences the enlistment procedure. This arrangement is worried about up-and-comers from outside the association, though others need to enroll from interior sources. 3. Picture of the association Image or generosity of the association additionally influences the enrollment. Associations having great picture can pull in potential and equipped contender to an enormous degree. 4. Picture of occupation Jobs having great picture as far as better compensation, working condition, advancement, vocation improvement openings and so on a pull in the potential and qualified possibility to a huge degree. Outer Factors 1. Segment factors A demography is the investigation of human populace regarding age, sex, occupation, religion, creation, ethnicity and so forth. The segment factors have significant effect on enrollment process. 2. Work showcase Labor advertise comprises the power of interest and flexibly of work of specific significance. For example, if interest for a specific expertise is high comparative with its gracefully, the enlistment procedure advances more endeavors. In spite of it, if flexibly is more than request, the enlistment procedure will be simpler. . Joblessness circumstances Unemployment pace of specific zone is one more impacting component of enlistment process. On the off chance that the joblessness rate is high, the enrollment procedure will be more straightforward and the other way around. 4. Social and world of politics The powers of social and world of politics additionally impact enrollment strategy. For example, the adjustment in government can have an immediate effect upon enrollment approach of the organization because of progress in government rules and guidelines. Wellsprings of Recruitment The various wellsprings of enlistment are ordered into two classifications, viz.Internal: wellsprings of enrollment are from inside the association. Outer: wellsprings of enrollment are from outside the association. Inner Sources 1. Advancements Promotion intends to give a higher position, status, compensation and duty to the representative. In this way, the opening can be filled by advancing a reasonable competitor from a similar association. 2. Moves Transfer implies an adjustment in the work environment with no adjustment in the position, status, pay and obligation of the representative. 3. Inside Advertisements Here, the opening is promoted inside the organization.The existing representatives are approached to apply for the opportunity. Outer Sources 1. Open Advertisements The Personnel division of an organization promotes the opportunity in papers, the web, and so forth. This notice gives data about the organization, the activity and the necessary characteristics of the applicant. 2. Grounds Recruitment The association conducts meets in the grounds of Management organizations and Engineering Colleges. Last year understudies, prostitute soon to get graduate, are met. Reasonable applicants are chosen by the association dependent on their scholarly record, relational abilities, insight, and so forth . Proposals The association may likewise select up-and-comers dependent on the suggestions got from existing supervisors or from sister organizations. Q3. What are the primary goals of preparing? Clarify at work and off the activity preparing? Preparing is a learning procedure that includes the obtaining of information, honing of abilities, ideas, rules, or changing of mentalities and practices to upgrade the presentation of workers though improvement is the demonstration of improving by extending or expanding or refining and future development. Target of Training To confer essential information and aptitude to new participants required for clever execution of unmistakable assignment so as to draft them absent a lot of loss of time. To help representatives to work all the more viably by introduction of most recent ideas data and procedures and improvement of aptitudes required in explicit fields including creation, buy, advertising, coordinations, data innovation and so forth. To widen psyches of chiefs. Now and again, limitation of standpoint may emerge in chiefs as a result of specialization. So as to address this limitation they are furnished with circumstances and trade of understanding. To fabricate second line of skilled representatives and empower them to possess progressively dependable situations as circumstance develop. To plan representatives to attempt various occupations so as to empower redeployment and keep up adaptability in workforce so regularly changing condition of market can be met and downturns can be overseen without losing experienced representatives. To give workers work fulfillment, preparing empowers a representative to utilize their aptitude, information and capacity to fullest degree and subsequently experience work fulfillment and increase money related advantages from upgraded profitability. To improve information, abilities, proficiency of workers to acquire greatest individual turn of events. To satisfy objectives of association by making sure about ideal co-activity and commitment from the representatives. At work Training On-the-work preparing is preparing that happens while representatives are really working. It implies that aptitudes can be picked up while learners are completing their occupations. This advantages the two representatives and the business. Representatives learn in the genuine workplace and addition experience managing the assignments and difficulties that they will meet during an ordinary working day. The business enefits by guaranteeing that the preparation is explicit to the activity. It likewise doesn't need to meet the extra expenses of giving off-the-work preparing or losing working time. Strategies for giving hands on preparing Coaching †An accomplished individual from staff will assist students with learning abilities and procedures through giving directions or shows (or both). Tutoring †Each learner is allotted to a built up individual from staff who goes about as a guide and partner. A guide ordinarily offers more close to home help than a mentor, despite the fact that the terms mentorâ€

The Spirit of Competition

The Spirit of Competition [by MIDN Brendan McCord, 08] The night still hung in the air at 0630 as the sun struggled to illuminate the lifeless region. In the center of the only hub of activity for miles, I waited. I was crouched, poised to act, my eyes focused directly forward. Out of my periphery I could see my comrades and I could sense that their resolve matched my own. A shrill tone broke the silence and my adrenaline spiked. In a frenzy, we coordinated a flanking attack of the enemy. They fought valiantly to repel our assault. Air strikes were effective in taking out a large number of opposing forces. I stayed back off the front line to provide ground support to my fellow soldiers. The fighting lasted for 15 minutes and I grew soaked with sweat and determination. I was lucky to still be alive. Several of my comrades had not been similarly fortunate. At long last, a joint attack decisively took out the last enemy unit. The whistle blew. The score of the Tri-Service Field Meet dodgeball competition is 1-0Navy. Every year, the Army, Navy, and Air Force duke it out in sports like soccer, ultimate frisbee, water polo, track and field, tug of war, and my personal favorite, dodgeball. The event is run entirely by Midshipmen and Cadets and trophies are presented to the victorious service. Though I am fiercely proud of being in the Navy, when push comes to shove I knew that the guys on the other side of the court were definitely on our team. We are a group of people who will have to hang together, and there is a great sense of camaraderie because we all have each others back. In the fleet, the Navy will always back up the Marine Corps in projecting power ashore. Ground troops can always count on air support, and nobody is going put forth less than 110%. Some day soon, many of us will have to offer our support to comrades on the battlefield, just as we did that morning in dodgeball. It is a notion which is both sobering and uplifting. The strength of the US military rests in its people. Leadership and excellence combine with selflessness and sacrifice and each soldier and sailor knows he can count on his fellow men and women. It took a competition like that to remind me of it so vividly. Post Tagged #ROTC

Moral and Ethical Issues in Gene Therapy - 5753 Words

Moral and Ethical Issues in Gene Therapy Introduction Genetic research has advanced in a dramatic fashion in the last decade or so, to the point where it has now become possible to attempt therapeutic genetic modification, in a few cases of human genes, where a defects exists which manifests itself in certain serious diseases. This possibility, known as gene therapy, is only in its infancy. At present, no one knows how effective it will prove to be, even in the few conditions on which it is being tried - whether it will only be of relatively limited application, or whether it will open up many wider possibilities. It suffers both over-optimistic claims from some quarters and exaggerated dangers from others, over which the church needs to†¦show more content†¦Putting it in more scientific terms, we are far more than the sum of our DNA complement. Moreover, human beings can be described in terms relationship - first to God who is himself a Trinity of persons, then to ourselves in a true self-awareness in the light who we are in relationship to God, thence to other human beings, and to the rest of God’s created order. Each of these relationships leads to moral precepts which sets bounds to what we may do within such a relationship, which may be applied to genetic technology. In scripture, the problems in which human beings find themselves are expressed in terms of disobedience to God, arising from a broken relationship with him. Failing to relate to God, and thus to our fellow humans, leads to distortions of human behaviour with false precepts, and also to attempting to set up alternative and substitute alliances with things which are non-relational - idolatry. Hubris and Humanity In contemporary technological society, one manifestation is in notions of endless human evolution and improvement - the attitude that â€Å"the sky’s the limit† to human endeavour, which finds an echo in the Old Testament story of the tower of Babel project. Some of the more extravagant claims for the potential of genetics see the human genome project as a further step along the road of human autonomy and mastery over nature. Another basic distortion is the tendency to evaluate all things in a material and economic frame of reference, seeing theShow MoreRelatedThe Controversies Of Gene Therapy1729 Words   |  7 PagesThe Controversies of Gene Therapy Demolishing genetic diseases from the human race has been and always will be a key role in science. However, there comes a point in time when moral standards have interjected the betterment of cleansing genetic diseases. 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Factors That May Be Responsible For Aboriginal Suicide

Aboriginal people represent less than 3% of the total population in BC. Yet, they account for more than 9% of all suicides in BC (Chandler). The numbers of suicides amongst aboriginal youth are even more alarming – nearly one-fourth of all youth suicides in BC are committed by aboriginals and more than half of all aboriginal suicides are committed by youth (Chandler). The fact that indigenous communities in Canada have the highest rate of suicide of any culturally identifiable group in the world implies that these alarming statistics may not solely be a result of aboriginal communities belonging to a minority cultural group. I will attempt to build a speculative hypothesis behind the significantly high suicide rates amongst aboriginal†¦show more content†¦However, an individual will not act on this desire unless he/she has developed a capability to do so. Capability to commit suicide is developed through habituation from overexposure which perhaps desensitizes the ind ividual to experiences that are painful. This may be vital in allowing the individual to overcome innate instincts for survival and prepare him/her to act on the desire to die. Aboriginal people in Canada have undergone tremendous acculturation and marginalization (failing to acquire and value Aboriginal values and identity, while also failing to identify with the cultural values of the larger society) which may be responsible in making them perceive themselves as a burden to others and feel socially alienated. Such feelings, based on the interpersonal-psychological theory, might instil the desire to die. Habituation and as a result, desensitization to the fear and pain associated with a suicidal experience, could be occurring due to high rates of suicide in one’s community. Thus, the interpersonal-psychological theory provides some insight into aboriginal suicide. However, the picture is incomplete as this explanation could be applied to suicide amongst patients with psychol ogical disorders as well as to those coming from minority cultural groups. Hence, it is important to build on this picture by looking into factors that play a role in suicide amongst those from cultural minorities. #2: Loss of self-identityShow MoreRelatedEssay about Aboriginal People of Canada1281 Words   |  6 Pages Aboriginal people represent less than 3% of the total population in BC. Yet, they account for more than 9% of all suicides in BC (Chandler). The numbers of suicides amongst aboriginal youth are even more alarming – nearly one-fourth of all youth suicides in BC are committed by aboriginals and more than half of all aboriginal suicides are committed by youth (Chandler). 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Alzheimer’s disease Free Essays

National Institute on aging talks about general information, causes, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of Alzheimer ’s disease. It gives a relatively detailed account under several subheadings to explain the pathogenesis, possible risk factors and symptoms seen, which are basically dysfunction of memory and cognition to the extent that they interfere with normal life. It provides information through the article titled ‘Causes of Alzheimer’s disease’ that genetic and environmental factors play a role in the pathogenesis although the exact cause of Alzheimer’s disease is not known. We will write a custom essay sample on Alzheimer’s disease or any similar topic only for you Order Now Its conclusion from studies indicates that enhancing social interactions, encouraging love and stable families can delay the onset of the disease in susceptible individuals. Alzheimer’s Association provides information on the history of the brain dysfunction, and in lay terms the functional and structural defects typical of Alzheimer’s disease. The beauty of the Article titled ‘What is Alzheimer’s disease? ’ is the history of the condition that it adds to the simple presentation of the disease. A lay man can easily understand the genesis of the condition and how it affects the brain, when it can be seen in an individual and where to find help for them. Is a progressive brain damage. it destroys brain cells, causing problems with memory, thinking and behavior. it worsens with age. it is the 6th leading cause of death in the United states. It is the most common form of dementia. It does not have any current cure; treatment available is targeted at presenting symptoms. There is an increasing worldwide effort to find better ways to alleviate challenges associated with the disease. In this disease condition, there is a breakdown in some of the synapses that serve the function of information storage, processing and memory; this spreads to other cells and over time, these cells die. Such affected cells are surrounded by plaques and contain characteristic tangles. No definite role of these agents has not been fully elucidated. American Psychological Association postulates that strong education delays the onset of Alzheimer’s disease through a study carried out by scientists at the Alzheimer’s disease Research Centre at Washington University School of Medicine. this opens the door to evaluate other risk factors that would help to better understand the disease, and make it easier to prevent and/or treat it. It is possible that engaging in increasing cognitive function or even social activities that improve emotional and mental events may play a significant role in how we tackle this disease in the future. As a counselor, the ability to help begins when I understand the history of the condition: this makes the disease traceable to humans like us. It makes easier for the clients to realize that they are not alone, it has been here for quite some time. Besides, statistics have also shown that millions of America also live with Alzheimer’s disease. Besides, with the knowledge of the causes and possible risk factors associated with the disease, empathy is not difficult, as I understand what I am dealing with. Emerging data has shown that education can help to prevent the condition. What is important is rely how to help those who are living with condition, information on the Geriatrics Department show that psychological help and family support are crucial in the life of clients. Since it is irreversible, it is best to prevent it and make sure that we stay healthy smart and happy! SOURCES Barlow, D. H. Durand, V. M. (2009). Abnormal Psychology: An Integrative Approach (5th edition). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Centage Learning. http://www. alz. org/index. asp Alzheimer’s association http://www. nia. nih. gov/alzheimers http://www. geriatrics. uams. edu/research/sec http://www. apa. org/topics/topicalzheimers. html How to cite Alzheimer’s disease, Papers Alzheimer’s disease Free Essays Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a fatal and progressive brain disorder named after the German physician Alois Alzheimer who was the first person to describe it. This is an age-related and irreversible brain disorder which develops and progresses over time. It affects the part of the brain that controls the memory, language, and speech of a person. We will write a custom essay sample on Alzheimer’s disease or any similar topic only for you Order Now Early symptoms include forgetting things that just happened, and the symptoms will get worse as time passes by. For instance, people with this disorder may forget their loved ones and may have difficulty writing and reading. They may not know how to do their mundane routines such as brushing their teeth and combing their hair. In the end, this disease will lead to severe and serious loss of mental function because of the breaking down and death of the brain neurons. This is a form of dementia that affects usually people 65 years of age and older. There are approximately five million Americans suffering from Alzheimer’s, and according to surveys, this disease ranks number seven when it comes to the leading causes of death in the United States. The cure for Alzheimer’s has yet to be discovered, but there are treatments and medications that will enable to control, minimize, and slow down its advancement. Medicines for depression and hallucination that may occur as a result of the deterrence of an individual’s mental faculties are also made available. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved four types of drugs that will help regulate the signs and delay its progression as much as possible. People with Alzheimer’s suffer from a deficiency of acetylcholine, which is a chemical involved in the communication of nerve cells. Cholinesterase is an inhibitor which functions to slow down the breakdown and destruction acetylcholine. It also produces more of these chemicals for cellular communication. Regular treatment will slow down the process impairment of a person’s cognitive functions, and this is proven effective for individuals who have early symptoms of this disease. BIBLIOGRAPHY American Health Assistance Foundation. â€Å"Common Alzheimer’s Treatments. Alzheimer’s Disease Research. 2009. http://www. ahaf. org/alzheimers/treatment/common/ (accessed July 31, 2009). Alzheimer’s Association. â€Å"What is Alzheimer’s? † Alzheimer’s Association. 2009. http://www. alz. org/alzheimers_disease_what_is_alzheimers. asp (accessed (July 31, 2009). National Institute on Aging. â€Å"Alzheimer’s Disease. † Medline Plus. July 31, 2009. http://www. nlm. nih. gov/medlineplus/alzheimersdisease. html (accessed July 31, 2009). â€Å"What is Alzheimer’s Disease? †. National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. 2009. http://www. ninds. nih. gov/disorders/alzheimersdisease/alzheimersdisease. htm (accessed July 31, 2009) How to cite Alzheimer’s disease, Papers Alzheimer’s disease Free Essays Alzheimer’s disease is one of most prevalent medical conditions that affect the older sector of society. More and more people continue to suffer from this disease, but at present, there is still no cure available. So what causes Alzheimer’s disease? What are its effects, and are there any possible solutions for this condition? This essay would delve into the aforementioned details of Alzheimer’s disease. We will write a custom essay sample on Alzheimer’s disease or any similar topic only for you Order Now Before the nature of Alzheimer’s disease can be discussed, it is important to first define what dementia is. This is because Alzheimer’s disease is identified as the most general cause behind the dementia not only in America but also throughout the world. Dementia refers to a syndrome which generally damages a person’s daily functioning. This is because the memory is impaired, as well as other thinking capabilities, such as reasoning and thought organization. Even the capacity for language and sight is also affected. Due to the memory decline, simple activities become difficult and patients need assistance from others since they cannot take care of themselves anymore. Consequently, Alzheimer’s disease is a medical condition which affects the brain; it is a disease that slowly develops, damaging one’s memory and other mental processes. These include â€Å"reasoning, planning, language, and perception. † It is believed that the disease is caused by the overproduction or amassment of the protein called beta-amyloid; this protein is believed to result in the demise of nerve cells. The condition worsens as time goes by and can lead to death. The possibility of acquiring Alzheimer’s disease increases as one ages, especially when one reaches the age of 70. Those who are beyond 85 years of age are most likely to be affected. However, it is important to point out that though memory loss is a normal part of aging, something as severe as Alzheimer’s disease is not part of it. Alzheimer’s disease was first discovered in 1906 by a German doctor named Alois Alzheimer; in 1910, the disease was officially named after him. Five years prior, Dr. Alzheimer had 51-year-old patient named Frau Auguste D. ; the symptoms of her condition include problems of speech, memory and understanding. She even began doubting her husband’s loyalty for no reason at all. Her condition became worse and eventually, she died. When Dr. Alzheimer performed an autopsy, he found that the size of the brain had decreased. The most notable finding was that the cortex had significantly shrunk; the cortex is responsible for memory and speech, among other vital mental functions. When her brain was viewed in the microscope, Dr. Alzheimer discovered brain cells which are either dead or in the process of dying. There were also fat and other deposits found in the blood vessels and brain cells. The brain is composed of neurons, which are nerve cells. These neurons produce signals which are chemical and electrical in nature. The signals are transferred from one neuron to another, enabling the person to think and recall. The transmission between neurons is made possible by neurotransmitters. Those who suffer from Alzheimer’s disease experience the demise of neurons; eventually, neurotransmitters are also affected, and the brain functions are completely interrupted. The autopsy that Dr. Alzheimer performed on Auguste D. revealed that the brain tissues were characterized by â€Å"clumps† and â€Å"knots† of brain cells. At present, the former is recognized as plaques, while the latter is now identified as tangles. Both are acknowledged markers of Alzheimer’s disease. These two are also possible contributors in causing the brain disorder. On one hand, plaques are composed of the aforementioned beta-amyloid protein. There is still no determined reason for the death of neurons, but the said protein is believed to be responsible for it. There are three genetic mutations that are recognized as responsible for a small percentage of the early-onset type of the disease. These three are as follows: â€Å"amyloid precursor protein, presenilin 1 protein (PS1) and presenilin 2 (PS2). † The said mutations create plaques of amyloid. All three mutations are known to cause at least ten percent of all cases of Alzheimer’s disease. How to cite Alzheimer’s disease, Papers Alzheimer’s Disease Free Essays Alzheimer’s Disease does not kill instantly; it destroys the individual bit by bit, tearing away at their person-hood and self-identity. Most victims suffer for 9 to 15 years after onset of the illness. It is the most common type of dementia in the United States and Canada and after age 40, the risk of developing it doubles with aging every 5. We will write a custom essay sample on Alzheimer’s Disease or any similar topic only for you Order Now 1 years during adults’ life. A form of dementia, the DSM-IV-R’s (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual) criteria for diagnosing dementia include: impairment in short- and long-term memory, at least one of the following: impairment in abstract thinking, impaired judgement, other disturbances of higher cortical functioning, personality change, significant interference with work, social activities, or relationships, in addition, symptoms do not occur exclusively during the course of delirium; and specific etiologic organic factor is evidenced or can be presumed. For an individual with this terrible disease, living with memory loss and its associated disabilities are very frightening. Alzheimer’s includes behavioral characteristics that extend beyond its cognitive explanations. These behaviors require study because of the influence on both the patient and caregiver. Treatment often looks to drugs for relief of symptoms and to slow the course of progressive decline, rather than on assisting the individual with coping mechanisms. It has been termed a â€Å"family disease†, not only because of possible genetic relation between victims, but because family members provide 80 percent or more of the care giving. Chronic and progressive mental and physical deterioration decrease the victim’s capacity for independence and increase the need for support from family members caring for the victim at home. The victim attempts to make sense of a seemingly new and hostile world, and this leads to dubious and uncharacteristic changes in behavior, personality, decision-making, function, and mood. Certain symptoms that are often associated with depression may be observed in patients who are cognitively impaired but not depressed. Professionals must be aware of all the symptoms the patient is experiencing, and reports from family members must also be taken into account. The patient usually reports fewer negative feelings or mood problems than are identified by caregivers. Patients often attempt to cover up their disease by modifying the behaviors of others, rather than identifying their own inevitable retrogression. Fears of the unknown, fears of abandonment, lowered frustration tolerance, and loss of impulse control may result in problematic behavior. Also, appropriate behavior may simply be forgotten, and faces of family members and friends unfamiliar. However, the victim of Alzheimer’s often denies these symptoms. More obvious, even to themselves are the expression of emotions such as panic and deprivation. Experiences such as early retirement and anticipated changes in the responsibilities of daily life are never realized. The inability to drive a car is especially painful and frustrating for some. Self-esteem and sense of worth plummet. Individuals with Alzheimer’s lose their capability to plan, postpone, wait, or predict the outcomes of their actions. Family members very often fail to attribute losses similar to those previously me ntioned to a disease. They tend to deny the existence of the disease. Family members may go through a period of denial in which they make excuses for the patient, attributing the problems they encounter to normal aging, stress, etc. Alzheimer’s disease creates new demands on the family, who have to adopt numerous roles. The parent, once the primary caregiver to their children, is now like a child receiving care. Each family member defines the situation differently, but display common management behaviors that will be discussed further. Within these similar stages of management, reflection of individual attitudes is obvious due to unique interpretations of the stages. The spouse is usually the primary caregiver of the patient, but when unable to provide the care necessary, an adult child is the most likely candidate. These adult children fear that the disease terrorizing their family and destroying a loved one will be hereditary. Negative behavior changes that are undergone by the victim have major effects on the caregiver. Mental health and life satisfaction of the caregiver seem to decrease rapidly, but according to Lisa Gwyther (1994), the key to minimizing these effects is to strategically change responses by the human and physical environment. Changing the responses of the outside world, rather than attempting to change the responses of the individual with the disease helps to organize difficult changes. Experienced spouses and wise families learn to distract the patient rather than confront them on their shortcomings. They should learn to enrich the victims’ pleasure in each moment, spurring preserved memories and skills to maintain the victims’ positive feelings of competence, belonging, productivity, and self-esteem. Consistent reassurance and unconditional love are vital to peace and harmony within the family. The patient experiences degeneration of short-term memory, which often results in misplacement of objects and forgetting the names of familiar people. They have irrational or imaginary fears that make them suspicious of those closest to them, and they may accuse others of theft and/or infidelity. This is a source of increased frustration, confusion, distress, and irritability on the part of both the patient and the family. As a result, those involved may rely on alcohol and drugs to alleviate the stresses of coming to terms with the disease. Many families of victims either fail to seek, or do not receive a correct medical diagnosis. They tend to become over-involved and angry, stages necessary in the process of adjustment. The family members attempt to counterweigh the losses experienced by the patient, because the deterioration is beginning to become obvious. Their anger, not necessarily with the patient, stems from the burden, embarrassment, and frustrations caused by the patient’s behavior. Burden is reported to be highest in this phase of mild dementia. When the spouse is the primary caregiver (in comparison with adult children or others), care is more complete, and less stress, conflict, and ambivalence are observed. Spouses tend to look for activities, or ways of interpreting the patients behavior, that allow for a continuing adult relationship, rather than a parent- child one, which may belittle the patient. Psychological stress results from conflict between resentment, anger, ambivalence, and guilt, self-blame, and the pain of watching a loved one deteriorate. Caregivers also report physical fatigue from providing care to their regressing loved one. Of all of these, the most difficult is performing the basic daily activities for the patient, and coping with upsetting behavior. Proactive approaches towards treatment of the disease involve the conscious decision that success is possible, both for the patient and family- unfortunately this is something that most afflicted individuals realize too late. In addition, the victims of Alzheimer’s may or may not respond to certain types of intervention. A patient may react to one type of treatment one minute and not the next. Immediate, observable changes in patient and family behavior, function, and mood were noted when caregivers learned to separate the resolution of the problem from the intention of the patient. For example, rather than confronting a patient or assigning blame when an object is lost, the caregiver replaces the item the patient claimed â€Å"stolen†. In this way, unnecessary stress and tension are eliminated for both patient and caregiver. Each family member experiences a similar process of coming to terms with the changes. This process includes three stages: describing how the victim is the same, and/or different, prior to disease onset, rewriting the individuality of the victim, and redefining the relationship with the victim. During the first stage, family members look for behaviors that still represent the victims’ â€Å"true† self, and those that the person with Alzheimer’s no longer has. In the second stage, the disease and individual with the disease must be seen as two in one. Part of the struggle in this stage is to maintain the adult identity of the victim while managing their child-like needs. Still, in the third stage of the adapting process, major problems continue to present themselves. These may include: family and social disruptions, increased marital conflicts, and employment-related difficulties. Family members are usually not aware of one-another’s viewpoints; they do not understand that they are not all seeing the victim the same way. Due to the fact that they are not all having the same type of relationship with the victim, paths towards the common goal of attaining highest level of function for the victim may be divided. As a result, the more effort individual family members put into achieving this goal, the more conflict is created. However, it individuals voice their different perspectives and encourage discussion, this may allow the family to function as a complete whole. Understanding between family members can be coupled with social support groups’ ideas about the disease. A social network may be effective in protecting individuals with terminal diseases from some of the negative effects. An active organization, The Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Disorders Association (ADRDA) established a network of individuals and families affected with dementia. The speed at which this network is growing is clear evidence of the need for more groups like it. Information sharing, encouragement, and provision of social support are among the top objectives of such groups. A committee at the St. Louis Chapter of the Alzheimer’s Association developed Project Esteem to provide emotional intervention for people with Alzheimer’s in the Forgetful phase. Its purpose is to provide opportunities to share thoughts and feelings with peers and professionals, and to have some fun. It came about as two separate groups, one being individuals with Alzheimer’s and the other, caregivers. Reported feelings related to dementia from both groups include: anger, anxiety, stress, acceptance, and frustration. The number of individuals who report negative feelings greatly outweigh those of acceptance. At initial meetings, bonding is established through the sharing of early memory experiences. Gradually, comfort comes from knowing that the victims are not alone; there are others with the same limitations. The realization that the victims are ordinary people with a chronic illness, rather than an uncontrollable mental illness, is comforting. Overall, the most effective coping occurs when the individual recognizes their own mental change, realizes the diagnosis, and deals with the unexpected attitudes of others. Benefits of group support in this early stage of Alzheimer’s are considerable. Individuals sharing similar situations gain insight and encouragement through verbal exchange; when real world suggestions were needed, and non- verbally; when words were simply not accessible. However, as word comprehension and creation becomes increasingly difficult, the individual enters a new stage of disease development. Short-term memory, orientation, and concentration are now severely impaired. Throughout this stage, remote memory, intellectual functioning, comprehension, and judgement decline steadily. Ability to care for one’s self also declines, and sleep patterns are altered; this is a severe blow to the patient’s independence and self-esteem. The patient then becomes suspicious and paranoid, even of those closest to them. Likelihood of involvement in accidents at home and abuse of medication increase. Behaviors may include night wandering, night shouting, and nocturnal micturition (night- time urination). Obviously, traditional family behaviors and interactive patterns realize drastic alteration. Family members begin to feel guilty for their impatience and intolerance of the patient, even though many of the demands of the patient are unrealistic and illogical. A major problem for those closest to the patient is readjusting expectations of the patient and themselves. Changes and problematic behavior become a source of stress during this phase, but overall limitation and conflict is reported to decrease, which may simply be the result of institutionalization of the victim. Use of drugs is found to be twice as high in care-givers as in community subjects, and care-givers often let their own health deteriorate. Particularly for the spouse’s caregivers, social isolation becomes an issue of psychological well being. Lack of time, energy, and interest in social activities becomes prominent as the deterioration of the patient increases. In one study, spouses of patients exhibited higher levels of stress, in comparison to adult children caregivers; but husbands, in comparison to wives, report fewer burdens, and are more willing to admit the difficulty of the tasks at hand and seek out professional help. Adult male children are as likely as women are to assist their parents, but the men appeared to have the ability to distance themselves from the aging parent. This physical and emotional separation seemed to lower the amount of guilt felt by the men. Possibly because of these differing abilities to deal with the disease, there is often conflict between family members as to how to care for the victim. Two broad coping techniques of family members of Alzheimer victims are: (1) Distancing techniques and (2) Enmeshing techniques. Distancing techniques (as discussed earlier) involve establishing distance between the patient and caregiver both emotionally and physically. Enmeshing techniques involve the intensification of the relationship, and often the exclusion of others. This option is usually observed in cases where the spouse is the primary caregiver. Apparently, it is very difficult for spouses who use the Enmeshing technique to become involved in social support groups. Social support is a proven mediator and alleviator of family stress and patient dejection. Adult day care programs provide respite for family members, and allow the patient to interact with individuals with similar conditions. Generally, the patients see the support group as being most helpful in the areas of information sharing and peer support. This information and assistance may help determine the strength of the individual in last stages of the disease. This phase is the final stage of Alzheimer’s disease. Mental deterioration is complete; many patients are completely unaware of, or unable to respond to their surroundings. The patients are totally dependent on others for all aspects of daily living. The patient will, most likely, not identify family and friends, and may not communicate at all. Paranoia, agitation, and combativeness increase significantly, if the patient is able to display these emotions at all. He/she eventually becomes extremely weak, incontinent, non-ambulatory and bedridden. It has been hypothesized that at least some of the premorbid changes in strength and weakness may be predicted from changes observed in the earlier stages. Descriptions by caregivers of premorbid personality traits of the victim are similar to symptoms of depression, hallucinations, and delusions. It is during this stage that most victims are admitted to an institution for professional care. Several behavioral problems such as aggression and wandering appear to increase as individuals are moved from the community to nursing homes. Acceptance of this disturbing disease comes very slowly to the family members. The disease’s sly onset and the original appearance by the victim of retention of regular physical vigor make acceptance increasingly difficult. As the disease progresses further and further, the changes that occur for the victim become increasingly obvious and family members tend to define the situation more similarly than in previous, seemingly inconspicuous stages. The grieving process is lengthy, because the death of the person is long before the death of the physical body. Although the loved one is long gone, their shell lives on. At some point during this stage, the spouse must undergo the final challenge of marital evaluation. Because the patient does not recognize anyone, the spouse is totally alone, but not single. Obtaining a divorce often creates many difficult legal issues. Many caregivers need assistance coping with the guilt of â€Å"abandoning† their spouse when placing them in a nursing home. Thus, financial problems come into the picture. Paying for nursing home services is difficult, as all effort in previous years has been put into caring for the patient. Relatives of deceased victims can be compared to those whose family member is still living. Wives and husbands display similar feelings of burden, but the husbands report more social limitations. On the contrary, sons and daughters are different in their descriptions of burden. Sons report less social limitations than daughters do, and less affective limitation when the demented parents had died. The sons of the deceased elderly also report less conflict with others than the daughters do. The need for individual support for the caregiver and family of the deceased is important, especially at this stage of sorrow. There may also be a sense of relief and release, as the extensive suffering of a loved one has finally ended. The empty body, which once contained a loved one, can finally be put to rest. Help and support from the staff at institutions with dealing with the grief of the final loss of a loved one is valuable and most definitely appreciated. Alzheimer’s Disease is a ceaseless debilitating disease without known cause or cure. Deterioration of mental and physical processes is inevitable, but varies between individuals- the cause for this variance has only been looked at hypothetically. It is a terrifying disease for the victim, who is constantly aware of the losses that are occurring, but can do nothing to prevent the disease from proceeding on its deadly course. Family members respond to the disease within certain guidelines, but the attitude towards the different stages differs for all involved. Social support systems have proven extremely effective for both the victim and caregiver in the Forgetful phase of the illness. From that point on, influence on patients decreases significantly, but personal gain for caregivers continues. There is an evident need for publicly funded support for Alzheimer’s disease victims and their families. The obvious lack of information concerning the symptoms and results of the disease show the necessity for incorporation of education and support into intervention strategies for caregivers. Evaluation of a patient with possible dementia requires a complete medical history, neurologic evaluation, and physical examination. At the present time, no diagnostic tests for Alzheimer’s are available in laboratories. It is simply a diagnosis based on elimination of other diseases. There is great need for a biological marker that would confirm the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s in a living patient. Rapid progress has been made in identifying a potential genetic marker that could be used to diagnose the disease without autopsy, biopsy, or extended evaluations. Potential disadvantages of this approach would be the reluctance of both patients and physicians to have lumbar punctures done, and the potential overlap of normal patients and Alzheimer sufferers. These potential markers are a glimpse of light at the end of a dark tunnel. Metaphorically, Alzheimer’s can be seen as a house that is constantly being eaten by termites, from the inside out. Although the house may look the same on the outside, the very foundation of the house, the part that makes it a home, deteriorates. Attempts to stop the decay are futile and, at best, temporary. Eventually, one will not feel comfortable at home, and will most likely leave the home- possibly for someone else to deal with. This relief is also temporary. The eating away of the house continues, until it eventually topples into an unrecognizable heap of what used to be a home. This feeling was best described by one individual in the middle stages of the disease: â€Å"†¦(J)ust a wild lost world. I’m here but I don’t know where I am†. How to cite Alzheimer’s Disease, Essay examples

The Great Gatsby Film Critique free essay sample

The Great Gatsby, 2013 Film Critique This past spring, Hollywood released the quite controversial adaptation of F. Scott Fitzgeralds great American novel, The Great Gatsby. The film is directed by Baz Luhrman, known for his extravagant, visual style, with none other than legendary Leonardo DiCaprio as title character, Gatsby, Tobey Maguire as narrator Nick Carraway, and Carey Mulligan is cast as Daisy Buchanan. Set during the summer of 1922 on Long Island, New York, Nick gets caught up in the world of millionaire neighbor, Jay Gatsby, who throws fabulous parties each weekend to capture the ttention of his first love, the old-moneyed, married Daisy, who happens to be Nicks cousin. Throughout the story, the characters are faced with discovery, betrayal, and tragedy, in both the novel and film. Of course, Luhrmans adaptation is Just that, and because the novel is so widely thought of as un-adaptable, the director has undergone heavy criticism. Amidst the film, certain techniques Luhrman adopts, as well as aspects he omits from the plotline, either develop or diminish viewers understanding of Fitzgeralds work, or affect the story as a whole. Throughout the ilm, Baz Luhrman utilizes many techniques to enhance, or in some cases detract from, the viewers understanding of the novel, most noted the contemporary soundtrack, over-the-top sets and costumes, and unorthodox adaptation of Nick as a narrator. Countless critics have questioned Luhrmans choice of soundtrack and producer, Jay-Z, which was highly distanced from the Jazz that springs into anyones mind at the sound of the words the roaring twenties. Instead, the film is teeming with pop music, from party anthems by Fergie and Kanye West, to Lana del Reys melancholy mfoung and Beautiful. Although it seems a bit off-putting with the era, Luhrman Justifies his decision by explaining how he wanted to make spectators feel similar to how Nick and other characters felt when hurled into the world of Gatsby, in the modern, fast-paced New York City of the twenties. He also identified the parallels between the Jazz of the roaring twenties with todays rap music; at the time, Jazz felt dangerous, but since then has evolved into more classical music, so instead takes rap and hip-hop to evoke a similar tone. Speaking of the Jazz age, the twenties also conjure up images of the new woman†the flapper, who brings the review to the next technique: costumes. The costumes of varying characters in the story help to reveal the novels major themes as well as the personalities of the characters themselves. The dozens of Gatsbys female partygoers, for example, don extravagant, ostentatious party gowns and dresses that suggest the extensive materialism of the time; many are seen drunkenly stumbling into the pool, partying, and the like, touching on Fitzgeralds theme of negligence within the upper class. Also toying with this theme, Daisy sports a short ball gown while lounging around in the summer heat when first introduced to her in the movie, and Daisy is exactly the type of girl who would do uch a thing: rich and careless. In addition, Toms classic suits hint at his illustrious standing, a foil to Gatsbys idiosyncratic light pink suit, white suit and gold tie, and all of his expensive shirts Daisy cries over, which give insight to his not-so-classy upbringing, and his way of hiding it. Our narrator, Nick, often sports somewhat awkward apparel, notably his quirky bow-ties. More importantly ot Nick Carraway is Luhrmans modification to his narrating: in the beginning scene, we are introduced to Nick post-Gatsby, in a sanitarium for being morbidly alcoholic. Nick is then encouraged by his doctor to write down his memories of New York, an exercise that results in The Great Gatsby as a novel. This is far from anything we absorb from the book, yet Baz Luhrman is developing a Fitzgerald-esque narrator: who was no stranger to sanitariums with his wife Zelda. Nick can provide his own thoughts and interpretations that do not seem out of place, and actually unmask underlying themes and symbols that would normally be difficult to pick up from a movie. Like all book-to-movie adaptations, some aspects had to be omitted to fit timeframes, hold he attention of the audience, etc. Particularly, the film bypasses the half-relationship between Nick and Jordan. In effect, Nick assumes a lesser role in the storyline; although he is present for all major events, he does not actually do much than unite Gatsby and Daisy. Mr. Luhrman rationalizing this change, claiming that he desired to focus on the dominating romance with Jay and Daisy, which is sensible. In addition, Luhrman changes a couple of the characters in order to better fit the film. Speaking of Jordan Baker, she, like Nick, undertakes a smaller role, more of an observer. As I dored Elizabeth Debicki as Jordan, I wish she had been a more integral part of the film. However, the most conspicuous of character changes (aside from Nick as the narrator) belongs to Daisy, who, for some, is a villain in herself, while others agree with Luhrman and Mulligans take on the character. That is, she is made to appear much more desirable to viewers in the film adaptation, in order to fill the typical damsel-in-distress role of most leading ladies in Hollywood. In truth, however, Daisy is shallow and self-centered; and chases only money†old money, at that†rather than love.